Alcohol Abuse Among Elderly

Abstract Recently, there have been statistics showing a steady growing trend among the senior citizens. Most of these statistics are based on different research programs that have taken place especially in rehabilitation facility. This is because misuse of alcohol has been rising and the elderly have not been left behind. Generally speaking, alcohol is increasingly being used even among the elderly women.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Alcohol Abuse Among Elderly specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This report tries to dissect through the many reasons as to why alcohol is secretly being abused among the elderly. It should be noted that there are many reasons that cause senior citizens to drink alcoholic beverages. The reasons emanate from loneliness, despair, as a way of mourning the loss of a loved one or even just for pleasure. These are only but some of those reasons. The society tends to forget the eld erly because of their needful nature. As people grow old, the younger generation tends to ignore their needs forgetting that the elderly also need to be loved, cherished and taken care of. Nowadays most of the senior citizens will find this only in the rehabilitation programs since everyone is busy caring about their own business. Drinking patterns usually change as one grows older. Much as moderate drinking can be quite beneficial to the older generation, drinking may be dangerous especially if it becomes an addiction. Excessive drinking can cause serious health risks especially to the elderly who are more vulnerable. Much as we may leave the elderly to take care of their own health, the repercussions thereafter could be greater than we think. Special attention therefore is needed to this group of people in terms of preventing, treatment and policy. A policy framework has to be designed to take care of this neglected group. Introduction A study into this topic indicates that the el derly due to their vulnerability in health need special attention to avoid various age related atrocities. Socio-economic, physiological and psychological problems can be caused when we chose to neglect this age group. Nowadays contrary to the former belief, the habit has been gradually and steadily growing to become more familiar to women. As younger women continue to join in this practice, special policies should be formulated to take care of this generation so that subsequent problems will not be overwhelming in future. This is because as age advances, the number of elderly women who engage in this practice continues to rise.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The effects of moderate consumption of alcohol are more beneficial to the elderly than to the younger generations. Studies have shown that moderate drinking can be an effective tool for prevention of coronary hear t diseases, heart attacks and myocardial infarction especially in older men. Moderate drinking is closely related to declining prevalence of diabetes mellitus (ICAP, 2010). As this report reveals, the older generation is more susceptible to risk factors arising from consumption of alcohol than their younger counterparts. This is because the elderly have a generally poorer health status. Another reason is that the elderly may be subjected to medications which may interact with alcohol to cause problems in their bodies. This report discusses how ageing affects consumption of alcohol and metabolism of alcohol in the body of the elderly. Treatment methods for this habit are basically associated with rehabilitation. Rehabilitation programs usually offer solutions to special problems that affect the elderly people. Thus, in the body of this report contains a deeper discussion of the causes, effects and solutions to problems associated with abuse of alcohol in the elderly. Alcohol abuse, a hidden problem in adults The elderly people have been known to hide the habit of drinking for a long time. The prevalence of abuse of alcohol among the elderly has been reported to be lower than that of the younger generation. However this figures are wrong because it appears that this practice has been underestimated (O’Connell, 2010). This is because most of these practices among the elderly usually go undetected or if detected might end up misdiagnosed. Healthcare workers tend to shy away from thorough investigation of the elderly. The reasons for emergence of this habit vary. For instance, the current drinking habits of Americans differ greatly from those drinking habits before the Second World War. This is because policies have been formulated that enhance prohibition.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Alcohol Abuse Among Elderly specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rates of disorders caused by poor habits of alcoholic beverage consumption have also changed. However in poor countries there are no such policies and if present they are weak thereby causing immense trouble to the general population. Reasons for not detecting abuse of alcohol in the elderly These reasons are many and varied. There are some instances whereby people have been diagnosed of having alcohol related problems, yet there is no documentation of their alcohol misuse. This is a direct evidence of undetected situation thereby exposing the fact that alcohol misuse in the elderly is quite prevalent. When accessing elderly people health workers tend to shy away from referring them to specialists. Healthcare workers do not have a high level of suspicion when they access the elderly. In addition, the elderly do not disclose their history of alcohol misuse to health care workers that easily. Again health care practitioners may view the alcohol abnormality in the elderly as normal because of their compromised health status and also their change of life situations. Factors contributing to alcohol abuse Some societies believe that alcohol is one of the only leisure activity left for the elderly. Thus they consider it an understandable behavior. In such societies alcohol abuse is prevalent since there are no prohibiting factors. Isolation of the elderly is also another factor that contributes to this vice. The elderly people usually go into isolation to do their private practice. Such practice includes drinking in their homes while they are alone. This habit does not allow medical or health practitioners to meet them and discuss matters pertaining to health. Thus they become vulnerable to heir own misgivings. Since the elderly have retired, their problem will not affect them in their place of work. Working environment acts as a prohibitive factor to alcohol consumption. It creates a situation whereby one fears loss of the job should they be found working while under the influence of alcohol . In the elderly this fear is over for them since they retired from work.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They usually develop this habit because they are lonely and they also despair a lot. Most of the times, the elderly people are left alone with no one to take care of them. This situation makes them feel lonely and the urge for such things as alcohol will pop up. Despair is also a common situation that occurs to lonely people of this age. Thus when the elderly despair they may resort to abuse of alcohol. Abuse of alcohol also develops in the elderly in order for them to grieve over the loss of someone they loved. Loss of a loved one is a very painful occurrence. When the elderly feel aggrieved, they usually resort to consumption of large amounts of alcohol to cool down the emotional pain. Painful injuries may also cause senior citizens to drink copious amounts of alcohol. Depression is also another factor that can cause the elderly to drink alcohol. This emotional feeling usually comes from pain or loss of a loved one. When the elderly suffer depression they tend to withdraw to priva cy. If they are not accompanied by a relative or a friend, they may resort to finding their way of relieving this depression. Effects of alcohol abuse in the elderly These effects are related to psychological, emotional, health and socio-economical factors. To be general, consumption of alcohol usually reduces with advancement of age. Those young people who tend to be perpetual drinkers usually reduce their alcohol consumption as they age. However light to moderate drinkers retain their stability during their later years. There are many health risks associated with alcohol consumption. Most of these health risks have been major contributions to many deaths of the elderly. In the older generation alcohol consumption has been associated severally with injuries (ICAP, 2010). This is whereby the influence of alcoholism causes instability thereby making the person susceptible to fall and get injured through many ways. Another risk associated with alcoholism in the elderly is the increase d risk of gastric cancer. This one occurs especially in elderly women. Hormonal changes that come along with menopause in the elderly women increase the risk of breast cancer. This is worsened if the victim is an alcoholic. Since older persons have a generally poor health status, there bodies are more responsive to negative habits such as excessive consumption of alcohol. One reason for this is that they might be prescribed medication that responds negatively to the alcohol that they consume. In addition, as one advances in years several changes in the body come along with certain changes in physiological processes. These physiological changes can trigger some metabolism that will harm the body should there be the presence of alcohol. As an example in the ageing process, there is a decrease in total water of the body. Since this is usually accompanied by increased body fats, there will be more concentration of alcohol in the blood. Thus for the same amount of alcohol consumed, there will be higher alcohol concentrations in the blood of the elderly compared to that in the younger persons. (ICAP, 2010) Memory black out when using certain electronic appliances and ovens is also a problem that is quite prevalent among the senior citizens (Michael’s House, 2010). This can lead to occurrence of fire hence endangering their lives. Driving impairments is also a familiar occurrence to the elderly. Impairments while driving motor vehicles is worsened when an elderly person becomes a heavy drinker. To add on this, confusion and depression are also clear manifestations of typical alcoholic disorders in the elderly. Thus the elderly have poor health conditions which adversely affect their physiological changes. These poor health conditions also affect the economic and psychological conditions of the societal environment either directly or directly. Case study A case study was done to an elderly lady called Eva. This lady is said to have been very strict on matters c oncerning alcoholic beverages. She would only take a sip of wine on extremely special occasions, not regularly. However as the years continued to advance, her children going away from her, and her husband and many of her friends passed on, she finally gave in to alcoholic beverages. Up until now, in her late 70s, she is an alcoholic. Another example is of Harry. The guy has been consuming alcohol ever since his late teens. In the beginning he could alternate drunkenness with sobriety. However, unexpectedly, he turned out to be an addict in alcohol. Currently Harry is under medication. The medicinal prescriptions have been caused by his addictive behavior. As a matter of fact, some of the medication is not taken with alcoholic drinks. As a result of this his children have given up dissuading him from taking alcohol. This they did severally with no fruition (O’Connell, 2010). The above two opposite situations represent a problem being faced by the current society. As life expec tancy continues to rise, more people continue to abuse alcohol in their later years. This is further compounded by the rising health problems caused by this vice. As demographic figures change, the current generation of people at the age bracket of 25-30 will cause an increase in alcoholic use thirty or forty years down the line. Studies indicate that more elderly men use alcohol than elderly women. However, the number of women using alcoholic substance increases as they grow older. Thus women are more likely to start heavy drinking of alcohol as they age than men. Remediation Strategies Remediation measures include rehabilitation of drug addicts. In the past the elderly people were not considered to be able to complete rehabilitation treatments. Rehabilitation for drug addicts was only considered to be a viable phenomenon in the young people. This is because as people would put it, it is hard to teach old dog new tricks. Another factor contributing to this as we have seen is, it is hard to convince an elderly person to join a rehabilitation program. As a matter of fact, the elderly do not take great care in their lives since they know that they are living in their latter lives. However as events unfold, more and more elderly people have continued to successfully complete rehabilitation process. As per now the elderly have shown more success in rehabilitation programs than the young. It should be noted however that rehabilitation programs for the elderly are quite different from those of the young people. These programs should be specific and not generalized. Thus they should be programs that offer specific help to their problems. Prevention Health experts together with policy makers should ensure that there is access to prevention and treatment of this habit among the elderly. Adequate training should be provided to health workers so that they can be able to recognize drinking patterns that will cause problems in the elderly. Health care workers should also b e encouraged to be courageous in handling the elderly people especially in investigating on their past and cross checking their present habits. Another thing is to consider that elderly people tend to have a common meeting place. Health workers can visit this place to offer services which will enhance the health of these people. This is because it is easier to reach the elderly in public places than to have a personal meeting in private. Therefore, the elderly should be encouraged to meet so that their habits can be monitored by health workers. This will help in detecting abnormal habits caused by over-consumption of alcohol. Detection Methods of detecting alcohol related problems in the elderly are quite different from the younger generation. Questionnaires may not adequately gauge the probability of this problem in the elderly. This is because they do not adequately answer questions relating to behavioral changes that accompany ageing and family background (Mirand Welte, 1996). S ocial participation and declined levels of productivity are among many other questions that these methods may not discern. For these reasons, social scientists have teamed up with doctors to come up with a more reliable method for detecting alcoholism. For instance, the attack by specific diseases and interaction of specific medicines with alcohol are the most recent tools they use in the diagnosis. Treatment Similarly, just as screening, treatment requires special attention to be given to certain areas. Currently there has been modification of some treatment facility so as to suit special needs of the elderly. The modification takes into consideration factors such as limited mobility. Generally, personal care is a more effective tool that can be utilized to treat this type of habit. The choice of a rehabilitation program should be carefully considered before chosen. Rather than go into a mainstream rehab facility, it is better to go to a rehab program which will address the specifi c needs of the person. As we have been able to see, the main reason for offering personal services is because the elderly tend to be very private in matters concerning their private life. Treatment of this habit can either be voluntary or involuntary. When the elderly person decides by himself to choose enroll in a rehabilitation centre, this situation is termed as voluntary . Involuntary treatment occurs when for example a court ruling may order the subject to counseling methods as it may deem fit. If convectional treatment fails, alternative methods have to be considered. Family physicians can help a great deal in formulating a way to end the problem. Conclusion and Recommendations In conclusion therefore, it has been noted that the secret and growing vice of alcoholic abuse is quite prevalent in the modern society. The elderly use alcohol as a means to satisfy some of their basic societal needs. Across the globe, it has been studied that more and more ladies increasingly become a lcohol addicts as they age. In men however the habit usually begins while they are still young. The factors that contribute to alcoholic abuse in the elderly include their isolation status which makes the practice more private. The society also contributes to this habit as some communities across the globe believe that the old people are left with alcohol as one of their leisure activities. Policy makers are therefore required to team up with health care providers to make sure that senior citizens get healthcare protection. Again it is important that the facilities present should be sensitive enough to detect and respond to the changing needs of the ageing population. Reference List ICAP, (2010). International Centre for Alcohol Policies. Web. Michael’s House, (2010). Alcohol Rehab for the Elderly. Web. Mirand, A Welte, J. (1996). Alcohol Consumption among the elderly in a General  Population, Erie County, New York, American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 86, O’Conn ell, H. (2010). Alcohol Use Disorders in Elderly People-Redefining an Age Old Problem in Old Age. Web. This research paper on Alcohol Abuse Among Elderly was written and submitted by user Mathew E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Use a Highlighter to Improve Your Grades

How to Use a Highlighter to Improve Your Grades Highlighters are a modern invention. But marking up or annotating texts is as old as published books. Thats because the process of marking, highlighting, or annotating a text can help you to understand, remember, and make connections. The better you understand the text, the more effectively youll be able to use what youve read in arguments, debates, papers, or tests. Tips for Highlighting and Annotating Your Text Remember: the point of using a highlighter is to help you understand, remember, and make connections. That means youll need to actually think about what youre highlighting because you pull out the marker. Youll also, of course, need to be sure that the text youre highlighting belongs solely to you. If its a library book or a textbook youll be returning or reselling, pencil markings are a better choice. Highlighting willy-nilly is a waste of time. If you read a text and highlight everything that seems important, you’re not reading effectively. Everything in your text is important, or it would have been edited out before publication. The problem is that individual parts of your text are important for different reasons.You must determine what parts are important when it comes to the learning process, and determine those as worthy of highlighting. Without a plan for highlighting, you are simply colorizing your text. Before you start to read, remind yourself that some of the statements in your text will contain main points (facts/claims), and other statements will describe, define, or back up those main points with evidence. The first things you should highlight are the main points.Annotate while you highlight. Use a pencil or pen to make notes as you highlight. Why is this point important? Does it connect to another point in the text or to a related reading or lecture? Annotatio n will help you as you review your highlighted text and use it to write a paper or prepare for a test. Don’t highlight on the first reading. You should always read your school material at least twice. The first time you read, you will create a framework in your brain. The second time you read, you build upon this foundation and begin to really learn.Read your segment or chapter the first time to understand the basic message or concept. Pay close attention the titles and subtitles and read the segments without marking your pages at all.Highlight on the second reading. The second time you read your text, you should be prepared to identify the sentences that contain main points. You’ll realize that the main points are conveying the main points that support your titles and subtitles.Highlight other information in a different color. Now that you have identified and highlighted the main points, you can feel free to highlight other material, like lists of examples, dates, and other supporting information, but use a different color. Once you have highlighted the main points in a specific color and back-up information with another, you should use the highlighted words to create outlines or practice tests.

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African american history - Essay Example They believed this was the only way Americans could live their lives in according to its ethical values (Delany 32). On the other hand, Southerners did not consider Slavery as immoral. They had a different belief that such types of practices are lighted upon in Bible and many societies have practiced them in the history. In addition to this, Southern economy was hugely based open the cotton industry, which was completely labour-oriented. So for them, Slavery was a God gift to the masters. Many Southerners had this concept that it is God’s will that the black people serve as labour to white civilized societies. During the mid-19th century, the economy of North was largely dependent on shipping/naval, manufacturing and factory businesses which did not create any need of black slaves, moreover the immigrants approaching from European Countries were providing cheap labours. So, it will not be wrong to say that the North people had their â€Å"slaves† in form of cheap labours from immigrants. However, this was a total opposite to the case in South, where economy was mainly agricultural based demanding more and more farm workers. Thus the Southerners tend to use Slaves. Surprisingly, for Southerners slaves were at times too highly valued to do few dreadful jobs. For them a slave was not less than an asset with a great value to money, so alternatively they used to hire Irish workers for such jobs. Towards the end of Slavery or Abolishment, what it really is called, Mr. Frederick Douglas had tremendous of efforts involved. He strongly argued against Slavery proving it to be cruel, unjust and immoral. He worked hard to uncover the evilness of slavery. Douglas argued against the claims that blacks were beasts; he proved how slavery had assaulted them and that that they were just as rational humans as whites. With this argument, he argued they were eligible to all the rights that natural law authorized and the United States documented in its

The Theory of Intelligent Design (ID) Research Paper

The Theory of Intelligent Design (ID) - Research Paper Example Scientists seek to find objects which have the same types of informational properties portraying the work of one creator, the intelligent designer. Intelligent design relies on these scientific methods to detect design in irreducibly complex biological structures by examining the complex and specified information contained in DNA. The theory of Intelligent Design argues that life and everything of nature in the universe was designed by an anonymous intelligent mind (House 17). However, proponents of this theory have been unable to disclose or prove the existence of the purported intelligent mind, leaving the burden of proof to scientists and theologians. According to House (17), evidence that the proponents of ID theory display is derived from their understanding of cosmology and Molecular Biology. As part of the argument, ID theorists used kidney as an example by claiming that the organ was intelligently designed to perform its functions and that it exhibits irreducible complexity. The proponents of the theory further direct their arguments to the bacterium flagellum, which they purport to have been intelligently designed to an extent that any detachment can lead to entire mechanical failure. House (58) demonstrates that the oddly shaped stone discovered by archeologists was an intelligent design that should have been used as a tool for digging. In order to strengthen the ID theory, Behe, a proponent of the theory employed the use of a mousetrap as an example of irreducible complexity, which he proved dysfunctional when any part would be removed. Furthermore, Rael (6) a news editor then a messenger provides a much stable debating ground for the proponents of the ID theory. According to Rael (6), there are some supernatural unique beings believed to have created life on earth. However, every step of creation was a correlative product of science and religion. Rael (7) points out that the creators of the world were capable of communicating to the human beings thr ough telepathy. The designers of life on the earth were scientists who emanated from a far planet with a keen interested in creating a cloned human being (Rael 11). It is claimed that the government of the imagined planet disliked the idea of cloned human beings for fear that the creatures might exhibit superior mental capacities and powers, which can cause troubles to the pre-existing beings (Rael 15). This compelled the scientist to conduct reconnaissance on the earth to establish its viability for human cloning. Rael (11) confirms that at the time of reconnaissance the earth was completely covered with water and dense mist. When on the earth’s atmosphere, the designers investigated the sun’s cosmic rays and realized that they were harmless to life. The scientists then trenched soil from the seabed and pilled to form a dry land. Thereafter, plants and vegetables were created from chemicals and designed to survive particular climatic conditions of different regions (R ael 13). The scientists worked for hand in hand with artists who decorated every creature with various colors. According to Rael (13), the initial creation of fish was in the form of plankton then small fish and finally large fish. Rael (14) exemplifies that the process of creation involved stiff competition from different creation groups, an act that led to the formation of frightful animals and monsters.  

History Of Exhaust Fan And Ventilation Information Technology Essay

History Of Exhaust Fan And Ventilation Information Technology Essay Abstract An automatic ventilation system with an exhaust fan included with a supply fan is presented in this report. With this smart system being proposed, detailed annual energy-efficient operation strategies and methods of control for the air-handling unit are presented. Compare to the traditional type of exhaust fan, the proposed smart system shows that not only does it maintain the indoor air quality but also improve the energy efficiency. Due to the increased outdoor air, the proposed smart system can improve indoor air quality further. An external DC motor will be driven the fan. The reason why an external DC motor is used is because it is able to make the exhaust fan to have the ability of air exhausting and illumination. It also helps to reduce the noise and power consumption of the exhaust fan efficiently. So the proposed smart system is not only energy saving but also environmentally friendly. Acknowledgement This final year report is the end of my long journey in obtaining my Degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering at University of Sunderland. I have not travelled alone in this journey. There are people who made this journey easier by offering different places to look to expand my theories and ideas. I should specially thanks to my supervisor, Mr Bob Young, for his great interest and assistance of helping me for preparation of this report. Besides, encouragements, supports and advices are continually given by him from the start. It helps me to develop an understanding of the subject thoroughly. Besides, I would also like to thanks to the staffs in the lab, Chris and George for their availability of resources, readiness and skills. Their help in finding the materials that are needed is invaluable. My project will not be in shape without their helps. Last but not least, my deepest thanks to my family, friends and others encouragement and constructive advices that have make the full support of my report completion. Chapter 1: Introduction Overview The purpose of this chapter is to give a rough idea of Intelligent Cooker Hood Exhaust Fan (ICHEF) and how it integrates into and changes the lifestyle of human beings and most importantly, being green. The usual perception of an exhaust fan by the public is simply act as a ventilation system which ventilates the air in an area. But often there are things which are important and being neglected by the public, health. Cooking does not only produce aroma, it often produces more than that, particles of smoke, grease and combusted gasses which are not healthy to breathe in and is environmental pollutants. Food like pepper and onions also produce irritants which can be unpleasant to be continuously exposed to. Exhaust fan are used to remove these pollutants from the air in a specific area. Health, has been an important concern to all of us these days. Because of that, having lots of biological pollutants and dust mite in the living place may cause a serious threat to our health. Thus, the improvement of the indoor air quality is an increasing concern to many people. Molds and dust mites will grow at a high relative humidity and there is one area in the home where moisture is generated, kitchen. Thus, adequate control of moisture in the kitchen is necessary and important. It is generally known that global warming is a severe issue that is happening in the world right now which eventually will bring unwanted natural disasters due to the overheating in the atmosphere and dilapidates the ability of earth to deal with these situations accordingly. To save the world, a few methods are being suggested by ecologists. Energy saving, one of the most effective and most commonly applied by the industries, are used throughout the world in order to avoid the earth from overheating. As a result, the concept of energy saving is being applied in the project to reduce the use of power thus saving money as well. To achieve the goals mentioned above, integrated circuits and sensors are needed to provide aids to control the exhaust fan to either on or off and the speed of the fan according to the data received from the sensors. It is also a low-cost solution and differs from the already-in-market exhaust fan which will cost a fortune. Aims The primary aim for this project is to develop an intelligent cooker hood exhaust fan to make ones life easier with the help of electronic knowledge and most importantly environmental friendly due to energy saving. Objectives The objective of this project is to design a system or programme to determine whether to on or off the exhaust from the readings of the sensors by using MicroCode Studio Plus. An effective and low-cost hardware is designed with sensors attached onto it to obtain data. It will increase or decrease the speed of the exhaust fan according to the level of the heat and smoke detected. Chapter 2: Project Background 2.1 Overview This section presents the general information and history of exhaust fan. It also provides short statement and the application and the hardware which are constructed on Intelligent Cooker Hood Exhaust Fan (ICHEF). Other than hardware, a brief of the software will be provided in this chapter as well. 2.2 History of Exhaust Fan and Ventilation As all of us understand that the purpose of ventilation is to reduce or dilute the indoor contaminants, the experienced engineers should determine how much air is necessary to dilute and reduce the contaminants to a desired level. The existence of ventilation and indoor air quality can be traced back to 17th century. However, concerns about the bad air go back much farther than that. One of the earliest reasons to implement the idea of ventilation is to ventilate the indoor air to a desired level and environment and it is probably still the same problem we have today as why we implement ventilation system in the house is to reduce and remove the products of combustion used for heat, light or cooking. People dated back to 17th undoubtedly learned very quickly that if one brought fire inside the house for cooking, one needed to take the smoke out. The design for ventilation has changed quickly over the time, but it has usually been associated with the indoor contaminants or biological pollutants that can cause health or comfort problems. Looking back into the archeological records, several examples can be found on how houses are built to accommodate ventilation and improve the indoor air quality. There are a few different approaches to deal with the use of fires in the roof. Back in 4000-5000BC, the Banpo villagers in China had implemented chimneys into their houses. The Romans put a hole in the middle of their houses roofs to suck the smoke out of the living place. The basket weavers pit houses found in Mesa Verde National Park, circa 750 AD, use the same approach. The Romans then invented and created a heating system called hypocaust heating system and it is usually for the big buildings. The hypocaust was then preceded and integrated into British parliament buildings in the late 1800s due to its superior heating design in that time. It works by getting the outdoor air into the hypocaust and gains heat from the fire and channeled all the way through the under floor channels and then go up through channels in the walls and vented to the outdoor which acts like a heating system. A system is also built in the late 1880s that uses a similar approach and directs the outside air to the building. The air from the outside is directed over the steam pipes in a heating chamber and conveys into the building. Exhaust openings in the upper reaches of the building provides a stack effect to pull the air through the building. But in year 1631, after one finds that bad indoor air quality can cause health problems, King Charles I ordered that the ceilings in the houses must be at least 10 feet high and that the windows should be higher than the width to allow rooms for ventilation. These improvements were slowly implemented into the buildings in the UK. After the great London fire of 1666, implementations of good ventilations were being speed up because a lot of houses were destroyed. Thus, it makes way for construction of bigger and better ventilated houses with chimneys and large windows which leads to have better indoor air quality when the air ventilates in the house. 2.3 Modern Background of Exhaust Fan and Ventilation With all the history in the previous section, we do of course have some modern background about the exhaust fan and ventilation. Nonetheless in the modern times which due to large demand in the world now, end-product of exhaust fans are being produced in a way of mass production. An american company specialized in kitchen exhaust fan, American Hood, has came out with some different products, ie, fire suppression system. It consists of smoke detector and fire alarm system and use a special wet chemical agent that provides quicker flame knockdown and superior fire prevention if extremely high level of smoke and temperature is detected. 2.4 Introduction to Microcontroller Figure 2.1 Microcontroller What is microcontroller? Microcontroller is sometimes called as a microcomputer or commonly called as MCU, is a kind of small or mini computer that you can find in almost all electronic devices and products. Some examples of common products that we have microcontroller built-in are microwave oven, handphone and etc. If there are buttons and a digital display in a product, chances are it also has a programmable microcontroller brain. Often, microcontrollers are called as an embedded microcontroller, it is mainly because they are often part of an embedded system and usually integrated into a larger device or system. Microcontroller is designed specifically for a particular tasks or jobs such as controlling a particular system which is different with the general purpose microprocessor, the one that is generally used in a PC. A typical microcontroller consists of an integrated CPU (Central Processing Unit), RAM for data storage and ROM for programme storage. Other than that, it also provides input and output interfaces on the same chip. It has its advantage because a general purpose microprocessor may require another addition chip to support similar function. 2.5 Introduction to PIC16F876A PIC, initials refer to Peripheral Interface Controller, is a type of microcontroller made by a company called Microchip. They are 8 bit microprocessors with small RAM, ROM and simple peripherals bundled on a same chip. The figure below shows the number of pins and functions of each pin. C:Documents and SettingsUserDesktoppic16f876a.png Figure 2.2 Integrated Circuit PIC16F876A The PIC16F876A was chosen for this project because it has the function of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) in the integrated circuit itself, which is located at pin 12 and 13. The PWM function can be set through the configuration during the progamme codes writing in the software. PWM will be explained more in details in the next few chapters. By using this integrated circuit, it helps to save the trouble and works to construct an external circuit to perform a similar function. 2.6 Introduction to L293D C:Documents and SettingsUserDesktopl293d.gif Figure 2.3 Integrated Circuit L293D The L293D is a quadruple high-current half-H driver. It is designed to provide a bidirectional drive currents of up to 600mA at voltages ranging from 4.5V to 36V. Not only that, it drives the inductive loads such as relays, DC motors, solenoids as well as other high current or voltage loads in positive supply applications. In this project of Intelligent Cooker Hood Exhaust Fan (ICHEF), L293D was chosen to drive one DC motor to show the speed of the motor driven by the frequency (PWM) from the microcontroller. 2.7 Introduction to MAX232 Figure 2.4 Integrated Circuit MAX232 MAX232 is a communication tool used mainly for serial commands to and from a flash rom. Besides, it is also an integrated circuit that changes the signals from RS232 serial port to signals that is compatible to use in TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic). The MAX232 is a duo driver and receiver and typically converts the RX (Receive), TX (Transmit), CTS and RTS signals. Figure 2.4 shows MAX232s structure and pin in/out of MAX232 chip. MAX232 chip was chosen for converting signals because it has long been used for microcontroller boards. It provides 2-channel RS232 port and requires external 10uF capacitors. 2.8 Introduction to Temperature Sensor (LM35) C:Documents and SettingsUserDesktopLM35.jpg Figure 2.5 LM35 The LM35 is an integrated circuit sensor that is used to measure the temperature with an electrical output which is about the same compare to the temperature in degree celsius. LM35 acts as temperature sensor in this project. It was being chosen because it does not require any extra calibration or trimming to keep its accuracy to measure the temperature. There is another main characteristic of the LM35 which act as a temperature sensor is that it takes 60mA from its supply only. Since the main objective of this project is being green and save energy, LM35 was chosen instead of other type of thermistor. 2.9 Introduction to Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) C:Documents and SettingsUserDesktopvdiv1.gif Figure 2.6 Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) A light dependent resistor (LDR) is a small semiconductor. LDR is used to recharge the light during different changes in light or made to turn a light on during certain changes in lights. One of the most commonly used areas that LDR implemented is in fire alarm system. It relies upon on the smoke which is produced in the event of a fire. When this smoke passes and covered the LDR and the amount of light falling on the LDR decreases, it will then send a signal to the microcontroller. Microcontroller will act accordingly from the pre-set programmes, in this case of the project, the microcontroller will drive the motor according to the data received. The aim of a LDR is to vary the brightness of a light in the different conditions. This can be described easily by the concept of a digital watch. Some watches get to glow in the dark so that it is possible to tell the time without pressing any buttons. It is the LDR that let the watch to know when it is dark and changes the emission level of the light accordingly. There are of course many good benefits and advantages to the LDR. A smaller amount of power will be consumed with the aid of LDR in many different kind of lights. It also helps lights to last much longer which is good for environment in a way. 2.10 Computer Interfacing Module Even though its easy especially when there is plug-and-play internal hardware solution for the computer, connecting some of the external tools or devices may still require a certain amount of technical knowledge and experience. There are generally two types of ways for data transmission, parallel and serial. Serial transmission has been chosen for this project. C:Documents and SettingsUserDesktopDB9.jpeg Figure 2.7 Layout of DB-9 Female In the past, old type of computer used 25 pins connectors while in fact that only 9 pins were actually used. Thus nowadays most of the connectors are manufactured in 9 pins instead. Each of the 9 pins usually connects to a wire. Besides the two wires which are used for transmitting (TD) and receiving (RD) data shown in Figure 2.7, the other pin is for signal ground. The voltage on any other wire is measured with respect to the ground. So, the minimum number of wires of a connector to use for 2 way transmission of data is 3. Although it has been known that it works without the signal ground wire, it will degrade the performances and often with errors. There are more wires which are for controlling purposes and not for sending bytes. Even though all of the signal can share on one wire, but there is still a separate wire dedicated to every type of signal instead. C:Documents and SettingsUserDesktopmax232.gif Figure 2.8 Connection of MAX232 and Microcontroller While communicating with different type of microcontrollers, one needs to convert the RS232 levels down to lower levels, usually 3.3V or 5V. Serial RS232 communication works with voltages -15V to 15V for high and low. On the other hand, TTL logic operates between 0V and 5V. Modern low power consumption logic operates in the range of 0V and 3.3V or even lower. The MAX232 chip from Maxim was the first integrated circuit in the market contains the necessary drivers  and receivers  to adapt the RS232 signal voltage levels to TTL logic. The reason why it became popular was because it needs only one voltage (3.3V or 5V) to generates the necessary RS232 voltage levels. . 2.11 MicroCode Studio C:Documents and SettingsUserDesktopscreen1.gif Figure 2.9 Layout of MicroCode Studio MicroCode Studio is integrated development software which has the capability to debug and was developed and used for microEngineering labs PICBASIC and PICBASIC PRO compiler. Microcode Studio is packed with a code explorer that helps to jump automatically to files, constants, variables, symbols, defines and labels, which are consisted in respected source code. Besides, there are too other features available in this software such as cut, copy and paste, undo and replace options. Not only that, it has the ability to correct and identify the assembler errors. It features views for serial output from the external of the microcontroller. The software helps the user to set up assembler and compiler options. Other than that, it has auto-search feature included in the software which helps the user to do all the work which is involved. It too has the error result window which helps to identify errors and correct them easily. The good thing about this compiler is that when the user clicks on the errors in the compiler, MicroCode Studio will automatically jump into the line location and it efficiently helps the users to know where and how to debug the serial output from the microcontrollers. Chapter 3: System Description 3.1 Overview This chapter focuses on the system design, description and illustration of block diagram of the Intelligent Cooker Hood Exhaust Fan. Several descriptions of the systems will be explained in this chapter as well. 3.2 Introduction The system consists of mainly 4 parts, namely:- Temperature sensor (LM35) / LDR (act as a smoke sensor) and its readings The temperature sensor and LDR will sense the heat or smoke level. If the level exceeds the pre-set level, the fans will be activated automatically via the control of microcontroller. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) A LCD will be installed in the system to display the temperature reading and LDR values according to the data received. It is to give the user an insight or idea of what is the current values of temperature or light density at that particular time. Speed of exhaust fan by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) The speed of exhaust fan will be adjusted according to the heat level detected and generate the pulses accordingly. The speed may go higher only when the heat level is higher thus saving the wasted energy which is required to run the fans to full speed at all time. This type of exhaust fan differs from the traditional type of exhaust fan. The fans will then still be activated for a short period of time after the reading drops back to the pre-set heat level in order to remove all the excessive smoke or odour away. Driver Circuit A circuit by L293D to control DC motors with external power supply. 3.3 System Design Microcontroller (PIC16F876A) Temperature Sensor (LM35) Light Dependent Resistor Fans High Speed Low Speed LCD Display Determine speed according to heat smoke level Fans still on for a pre-set time Controller Circuit Figure 3.1 Overall Block Diagram of Intelligent Cooker Hood Exhaust Fan The concept of Intelligent Cooker Hood Exhaust Fan is smart. It helps to reduce the workload of human beings and also it will save energy as well. The microcontroller which uses PIC16F876A serves as a main brain of the whole system. It uses 2 types of sensors which are the temperature sensor (LM35) and light dependent resistor (LDR). With the help of both sensors, data are easily received and displayed on the LCD Display with some aids of the programming. After the data are received and displayed on LCD Display, pulses will be generated by the function of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) in PIC16F876A and it sends the signal to the controller circuit, DC motor in this case, and drive the motor accordingly to what the readings are being obtained. The fans should still be on for a period of time to ensure the remaining smell and odour are sucked away. 3.4 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a useful technique that controls the analog circuits with the aids of the processors digital outputs. It is employed in different types of areas. It is widely used from power control and communications to measurement and conversion. To control the analog circuit in digital way, it helps to reduce the cost of the system and most importantly, it reduces the level of usage of power consumption as well. 3.4.1 Duty Cycle PWM Signals Figure 3.2 PWM Signals of Varying Duty Cycles Figure 3.2 shows three different PWM signals. The upper figure shows a PWM output with a 10% duty cycle. It just means that the signal is on for 10% of the period and off the other 90% of the period, so the average is low. Likewise, the middle figure shows the analog signal value at 50% and lower figure shows 90%, so its average is half and high accordingly. If it is fully on, it requires 100% of the period while when it is 0%, it is off. 3.4.2 PWM Frequency The PWM signal frequency is important depending on the hardware that one is using. If the main purpose is to create a DC signal then the high frequency will be required (kHz) so that the low pass filter can eliminate the frequency component. To determine how high the frequency, it is to depend on how much frequency components are allowed at the output and how it is used. 3.4.3 Communication and Control One of the reasons why PWM is so popular is because that the signal remains digital at all times, from the microcontroller to the driver circuit. There is no Digital-To-Analog Conversion (DAC) is required. The noises in the signal will be reduced to minimum level because the signals are in digital form. Noises can affects digital forms signal only if it is great enough to change from Logic 1 to Logic 0 and likewise. PWM is often used for communication is mainly because PWM has the ability to increase the noise immunity over analog control. By converting the analog signal to PWM, it increases the length of a communication channel. An appropriate RC (Resistor-Capacitor) or LC (Inductor-Capacitor) network can remove the modulated high frequency wave form and return the PWM signal back to analog form at the recipient side. 3.5 DC Motor C:Documents and SettingsKLTDesktopelectric-motor.jpg Figure 3.3 DC Motor Almost all mechanical movement that surrounded us is caused by either an AC or DC electric motor. It converts the electrical energy into the mechanical movement. One needs to have a little background knowledge about electromagnet and electricity in general to understand how a motor works. 3.5.1 How It Works? In any kind of electric motor, in this case, a DC motor, the operation is mainly based on a simple electromagnetism. A magnetic field is then generated by a current carrying conductor. By doing so, it will experience a force proportional to the current in the conductor when it is placed in the external magnetic field. Everyone is well aware of playing the magnets when young. The opposite polarities attract, in this case, north and south pole. Vice versa, the same polarities repel, north-north and south-south. The operation of a DC motor has similar concept. The internal arrangement of a DC motor is outlined to compose the magnetic interaction between an external magnetic field and a current carrying conductor to generate rotational movement. Image Figure 3.4 Layout of DC Motor Almost all the basic DC motor has these six common parts in them, namely axle, commutator, rotor, stator, brushes and field magnets. In most DC motor, the external magnetic field is produced by high level strength of permanent magnets. The rotor rotates according to the stator which is stationary as well as two or more permanent magnet pole pieces. The windings of the rotor are being connected electrically towards the commutator. The above figure shows a common motor layout with the rotor inside the stator magnets. 2-pole motor in action Figure 3.5 Operation of DC Motor The relationships between the commutator contacts, the brushes and the rotor windings are that when the power is being supplied to the motor, the stator magnets will be incorrectly aligned, the rotor will rotates till it is aligned with the stators field magnet and polarities of the energized winding. The brushes will move to the next commutator contacts and next winding will be energized only when the rotor are in alignment. It can be given by the simple example of 2-pole motor. The rotation reverses the direction of current flow through the rotor winding, causing to the flip of the rotors magnetic field, making it to continue rotating. Image Figure 3.6 Inner view of DC Motor Iron core armature is commonly used in a DC motor as it has a few advantages. The iron core provides a strong and firm support to the windings, it is specifically important considering for the high torque motors. The core, in a way, also dissipate the heat away from the rotor windings very well that it allows the DC motor to rotate even harder. And most importantly, to construct an iron core is comparably cheaper than other type of construction. Unarguably, there are always pros and cons about almost everything. There are a few disadvantages about the construction of iron core. The high level of inertia in iron armature reduces the motor acceleration dramatically. This type of construction also causes the high winding inductances which reduce the life of the brush and commutator. Chapter 4: Circuitry Explanation 4.1 Overview This chapter is about the circuits that are used in this project. Circuit operation and the performance of the entire circuit are roughly explained in this chapter. All datasheets of the Integrated Circuits used in this project are attached in the appendixes section. Circuit diagrams for every part of the overall circuit in this project are provided so that the operation of the circuit can be understood easily by non-engineer readers. 4.2 Microcontroller Unit (PIC16F876A) Figure 4.2 Microcontroller Unit The PIC16F876A CMOS FLASH-based 8-Bit microcontroller consists of a 200 nanoseconds instruction execution, self programming, an ICD (In-Circuit Debugger), 2 comparators, 256 bytes of EEPROM data memory, 2 PWM functions and a UART. The main brain of this control unit replies upon on the PIC16F876A with a 4MHz resonator that produces the clock pulses which is required buy the targeted microcontroller. 4.3 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) Figure 4.3 Circuit of Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) with MAX232 An UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) is a type of computer hardware that converts the data between the serial and parallel forms. UART is often used with other types of communication means such as, RS232. It is usually a single IC (Integrated Circuit) that used for serial communication or through peripheral device serial port. UART is usually used for embedded system such as microcontroller with RS232. Different interface equipment is usually used to change the logic level of the UART to and from the external signaling levels. It doesnt usually receiver nor generate the external signals which are used between the different types of equipment. 4.4 Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) Figure 4.4 Circuit of Light Dependent Resistor The circuit shown above is about the sensor of the circuit. LDR in this project is to activate the microcontroller. It acts as an input and will send the analogue data into microcontroller and microcontroller will determine the data received and perform a task accordingly. These values will be sent into microcontroller on PortA.0. 4.5 Temperature Sensor (LM35) C:Documents and SettingsKLTDesktopuntitled.bmp Figure 4.5 Circuit of Temperature Sensor (LM35) The power supply (Vcc) can be ranging from 4V to 20V depending on the project requirement, but 5V will be used in this project. To use the LM35 sensor, one can just connect the Vcc to 5V, Ground to Ground and the Out to the Analog-Digital Converter channel. The output varies with temperature obtained. The values will be sent to microcontroller via PortA.1. 4.6 Motor Controller (L293D) C:Documents and SettingsKLTDesktopuntitled.JPG Figure 4.6 Circuit Connection of L293D to Microcontroller The DC motor can be driven in clockwise or anti-clockwise direction depending to the requirements. To do so one first needs to connect the motor and find out the commands that are needed to give to the microcontroller to perform the specific rotation. Pin 1 and pin 8 will need to connect to 5V. Pin 3 and 6 are connected to the output which is DC Motor. Pin 4 and 5 are for grounding. Pin 2 and 7 act as an input which connect to PortC.7 and PortC.6 respectively. Pin 1 of the L293D will also connect to Pin 12 or 13 for Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) function in microcontroller. 4.7 Overall Circuit C:Documents and SettingsKLTDesktopoverall.JPG Figure 4.7 Overall Circuit Chapter 5: Materials 5.1 Overview The main purpose of this chapter is about the materials and tools that are used in this project whereby components, software and tools used will be listed for reference purposes. Budget and stores for all components are also listed at the end of this chapter as well. 5.2 Preface of Materials Used All materials used in finishing this project can be further categorized into 3 main groups of computer software, apparatus and electronic components. These 3 major groups of materials will be further discussed in following subchapters. 5.2.1 Computer Software Computer software used in this project is shown below. No. Computer Software Function 1. Live Wire Do the simulation of the circuit 2. Micro Code Programming for the Microcontroller 3. Microsoft Word Report typing Table 5.1 List and function of the software used to complete this project 5.2.2 Apparatus The table below shows the apparatus that required for c

Human Memory Organization. :: essays research papers

Human Memory Organization. Human memory organization, from the outside, seems to be quite a difficult thing to analyse, and even more difficult to explain in black and white. This is because of one main reason, no two humans are the same, and from this it follows that no two brains are the same. However, after saying that, it must be true that everyone's memory works in roughly the same way, otherwise we would not be the race called humans. The way the memory is arranged, is probably the most important part of our bodies, as it is our memory that controls us. I think that it is reasonable to suggest that our memory is ordered in some way, and it is probably easy to think of it as three different sections : short term, medium term, and long term memory. Short Term :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is where all of the perceptions we get come to. From the eyes, nose, ears, nerves etc. They come in at such a rate, that there needs to be a part of memory that is fast, and can sift through all of these signals, and then pass them down the line for use, or storage. Short term memory probably has no real capacity for storage. Medium Term :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is where all of the information from the short term memory comes to be processed. It analyses it, and then decides what to do with it (use it, or store it). Here also is where stored information is called to for processing when needed. This kind of memory has some kind of limited storage space, which is used when processing information, however the trade-off is that is slower than Short term memory. Long Term :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Long term memory is the dumping ground for all of the used information. Here is where the Medium term memory puts, and takes it's information to and from. It has a large amount of space, but is relatively slow in comparison with the other kinds of memory, and the way that the memory is stored is dubious as we are all knows to forget things. There is quite a good analogy in Sommerfield (forth edition p24-p25). Short term memory is comparable to computers registers, medium term (Working memory) is like a volatile storage place for information, and long term memory is like hard disk storage. I think that this is quite a good way of describing our own memory hierarchy. It seems that when information is being processed, and then in turn stored, it is not being stored as raw information such as black, round etc.

Copy Rights

Why there Is piracy? There must be reasons for piracy. Piracy Is a committed by people for a number of reasons. Some of the reasons for this act are Identified below: To enjoy services or entertainment at low cost prices or no cost to the consumers. Expo: Music, games, videos, software from internet. For profit Competitive Advantage Sabotage 3. What is law? Malaysia's copyright act 1987 came into effect on 1 December 1987, replacing the copyright act 1969. The 1987 act confers copyright on and protects computer programs (software).The 1987 act amended in 1990 to ensure compliance with the prescribed standards and minimum requirements under the Berne Convention. The copyright (application to other countries) Regulations 1990 came into force on 1 October 1 990, the day Malaysia acceded to the Berne Convention. [ source: http:// www. Abs. Org/Malaysia/intricacy/Piracy-and-the-Law. Com ] Point: Source: www. Slideshows. Net/Lonny/copyright-and-piracy-from-moral-and-legal- attendants-cit-p resentation 1 .Copyright is a form of legal protection that grants people who create and produce material the exclusive rights to control certain uses of that material from being reproduced without the permission of the copyright owner. 2. Why Piracy E-SST The price For profit/competitive advantages 3. Moral Issues Give a chance to the creator to able to make a living and provide jobs for many other Decrease the chance to get problems. Note from Facial: Please find more and add.

Additional Fee Order Id # 579453 Example

Additional Fee Order Id # 579453 Example Additional Fee Order Id # 579453 – Essay Example of the of the of the SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL NETWORKING Social networking can be termed as an act of getting connected to and participating in a network of users connected virtually via a network. The network is often established by a portal or a website that enables users to create their profile on it and lets them get connected to all the other users who are logged into the site. This network of virtual individuals is tremendously large in magnitude and is a source of a number of advantages and disadvantages. Examples of platforms supporting social web profiles are Facebook, Twitter, Orkut LinkdIn etc. The globalization of today’s world sees it as such that virtually every human being is connected to the web in one way or the other. AIMS AND SCOPE: The aims of Social Networks are numerous. They can be summarized as follows: The spreading out of information and that too in an efficient and timely manner. The maintenance of timely runtime contact with individuals across the globe irrespective of their physical locations etc. The connections via social networks can be used to interconnect individuals whether it may be for personal or professional purposes. The scope of social networks varies extensively. From personal updates to the marketing of your officially launched professional product, social network does it all for you. Its usage in E-Commerce and specifically E-Marketing is widespread as well. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Increasing popularity of social networks demands that social ethics be made prevalent on the social networks. If the cons are administered social networks are inevitable from the lives of humans. Recommendations for social networks are primarily for youngsters. Youngsters are advised not to share their personal information with strangers on public social networks. WORKS CITED: Waldez, A., The Disadvantages of Modern Technology among the Youth. September 24, 2010. Web. September 4 2011. National School Boards’ Association, Creating and connecting Research guidelines on Online Social-and Educational-Networking. 2007. Web. 2011. Sigman, A. Well Connected?: The Biological Implications of Social Networking, Biologist. Feb. 2009. Web. 2011. Sheldrake, P., The Social web analytics ebook 2008. 2008. Web. 4th September 2011

Five Misspelled Idioms

Five Misspelled Idioms Five Misspelled Idioms Five Misspelled Idioms By Maeve Maddox Some idioms are confused in the speaking; others just in the spelling. The following idioms are usually pronounced correctly, but they are often misspelled in writing. 1. waiting with bated breath The word bated in this expression is often misspelled â€Å"baited.† For example, â€Å"Were waiting with baited breath  to hear if Rosie ODonnell is officially coming back to daytime screens.†    The word  bated is from a shortening of the verb  abate.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"To bate† means â€Å"to reduce, to lessen in intensity.† The expression â€Å"bated breath† is the only survival of the word in modern English. Read more here. 2. lo and behold People use this to mean something like â€Å"and then see what happened.† The idiom is frequently misspelled as â€Å"low and behold.† Lo is an old form of â€Å"look.† Read more here. 3. pore over Not to be confused with the noun pore (an opening in the skin), the verb pore means, â€Å"to study or examine carefully.† In expressions like â€Å"pore over a book† and â€Å"pore over my taxes,† the word is often misspelled as pour (to transfer liquid). Read more here. 4. toe the line This expression derives from the practice of lining up with one’s toe touching a line that has been drawn on the ground. Competitors line up to begin a race or some other competition. When everyone â€Å"toes the line† in this way, conformity has been achieved. In modern use, the expression occurs almost always in a political context with the meaning of â€Å"to conform to a political party’s platform.† It is often miswritten as â€Å"tow the line.† Read more here. 5. pique one’s interest/curiosity The French borrowing pique means â€Å"to stimulate.† The word is sometimes misspelled as peek and peak. Here are some examples, one of them from a site that offers marketing advice: â€Å"It was that statement that peeked my interest in acting,† says Loretta. Lingerie styles, construction, and cultures have always peeked my curiosity. Udemy has really  peaked my interest. Headlines That Will Have Peaked My Curiosity Read more here. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Opening Lines to Inspire the Start of Your StoryWriting the CenturyComma Before Too?

The influence film has had on violence Research Proposal

The influence film has had on violence - Research Proposal Example The video- tape of the beating, which was broadcasted repeatedly on a national news station, viewed by many, was an articulate capture of how a simple film clip can communicate a violent truth. But film is a powerful tool, even more powerful than the truth sometimes. When the police who took part in the King beating, were first bought to trial, their lawyers used the videotape to give a blow by blow account of the event, using slow motion, fast forward and rewind to prove their point: the police was using "escalation of force", which is justified by the law. The jury believed it and predisposed against the victim. This is just one example of how film actually influenced violence. It is a curious cultural clich that says pictures don't lie. But, it is even part of the greater clich that "seeing is believing". "Somehow, a thing seen directly, especially in motion or even through a visual representation like a painting, a photograph, or a film, brings us closer to some actual activity (Kolker 16)". Images, more so, in Technicolor and high definition entrance us because they provide a powerful illusion of owning a reality. "The moving image, that which is filled, was a vibrant, story- telling mechanism and meaning- generating medium (Kolker 24)". More than literature, painting or the photograph moving images express many, almost most, of people across economic and social classes. That is the catch of how film has become so appealing. The catch is a powerful tool once again. To be able to project such instances close to reality is to actually leave a greater imprint on reality itself. Films are very influential in such a way that they begrudgingly do not care what you think about it, it just plays, even if for some, it is too offensive or too violent. The choice is actually bestowed upon the readers if they would readily sit back, relax and enjoy the show or press stop, eject or off, or walk out of the movie theater. However, the bad, the ugly, the outrageous and the gory are actually more appealing to people nowadays. Violence in film has amplified, in such a way that discretion is hardly an understatement. The effect of film, to actual violence is the imprint it leads to the subconscious. The thirst for violence could actually be an addiction, more so cause viewer aggression. Short-term exposure increases the likelihood of physically and verbally aggressive behavior, aggressive thoughts, and aggressive emotions . Recent large-scale longitudinal studies provide converging evidence linking frequent exposure to violent media in childhood with aggression later in life, including physical assaults and spouse abuse. "Because extremely violent criminal behaviors (e.g., forcible rape, aggravated assault, homicide) are rare, new longitudinal studies with larger samples are needed to estimate accurately how much habitual childhood exposure to media violence increases the risk for extreme violence (Bailey 106)". It is hardly that the film is to be blame, it could be innately in the person to react as such, but the film is the medium by which the stimulus is incinerated. Well-supported theory delineates why and when exposure to media violence increases aggression and violence. Film violence produces short-term increases by priming

Expanding paper (two more pages) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Expanding paper (two more pages) - Essay Example Like Keats, bit with more justice, he laments, in the lines of ‘To the muses’ the feeble, artificial and meager achievement of the time. His notes are neither languid, nor forced but remarkably varied and spontaneous. Even in his less perfect work, there is not only abatement of fresh enthusiasm, but, rather an overtaking of powers not yet fully equip for high flights† (1) . The criticism has been taken from ‘The Cambridge History of English Literature† Volume-XI; 1954 Edition. Unquestionably, this criticism depicts the inner song of Blake’s heart. The romanticism is a multi layered subject in the period of French Revolution, in the post industrial Europe an well as America. The mature work by the writer often lefts us baffled with its complexity. No wonder whatever is being written by the poet, on later stage of the era, evokes much more applause as well as criticism from the erudite critics across the globe. It is the marvel of his work, discov ered much after his death, makes our heart full of joy and mysticism that propels us to another paradigm.